涵涵君的小站中文
飞中国的航班由中方航司与外国航司共同承运。选哪一家，取决于你从哪里出发、是否需要中转、行李有多少、对中文服务有没有需求。下面把主要承运人、各自枢纽与常见来华航线列清楚，再说明服务差异和代码共享航班要注意的地方。
- 中国主要航司：中国国际航空、中国东方航空、中国南方航空与海南航空是中方承运人的主体，其中国航的国际长航线网络最广，南航机队规模居前，东航以上海为基地辐射欧美澳，海航以海口和北京为基地。厦门航空、四川航空、深圳航空、吉祥航空、春秋航空等以区域枢纽和周边国家航线为主，其中春秋是低成本模式。
- 外国主要航司：欧洲方向有汉莎、法航、荷航、英航、芬兰航空、土耳其航空；中东有阿联酋、卡塔尔、阿提哈德；亚洲有新加坡航空、全日空、日本航空、大韩航空、韩亚航空、泰国国际航空；北美有美联航、达美、美国航空、加拿大航空；大洋洲有澳洲航空、新西兰航空。这些航司通常从本国门户机场直飞中国主要城市。
- 各自枢纽：国航以北京首都和大兴为枢纽，东航在上海浦东与虹桥，南航以广州白云和北京大兴为双枢纽，海航以海口、北京为基地；厦航在厦门与福州，川航在成都天府与双流，深航在深圳宝安。外国航司的枢纽就是本国门户，例如法兰克福、巴黎戴高乐、阿姆斯特丹、伦敦希思罗、赫尔辛基、伊斯坦布尔、迪拜、多哈、新加坡樟宜、东京成田与羽田、首尔仁川、旧金山、温哥华、悉尼。
- 常飞航线：洲际干线集中在北京、上海、广州三大门户，以及成都、深圳、厦门、昆明、西安、杭州等区域枢纽。欧洲方向多经法兰克福、阿姆斯特丹、巴黎、伦敦、赫尔辛基、伊斯坦布尔连接；北美方向经旧金山、洛杉矶、西雅图、温哥华、多伦多；东南亚与东北亚常以新加坡、曼谷、吉隆坡、东京、首尔、香港为中转点。具体航点与班期按航季调整，购票前以航司官网为准。
- 服务差异：全服务航司的票价含免费托运行李与餐食，低成本航司的行李、选座与餐食多需另付；中方航司的中文服务与国内中转衔接更顺，外国航司在本国始发的地面服务更熟悉本地旅客的习惯。同一条航线上，不同航司的免费行李额、退改规则、机型宽窄差别很大，长时间洲际航段优先看是不是宽体机。
- 代码共享注意：购票页面出现“由某航司承运”的字样时，实际执飞的是另一家公司。值机柜台、行李直挂、餐食标准与退改规则都按实际承运人执行，里程累积按两家公司的协议计算。如果两段票是分开出票自行拼接，行李通常不能直挂，误机风险由旅客自己承担。
选航司的实用顺序：先看有没有直飞，再看中转是否在同一张票或同一联盟内，最后比较行李额与退改条件。价格最低的组合往往意味着更长的中转等待或更严格的退改限制，把时间成本算进去再决定。
一个常见误区是把“经上海中转”理解成“到了上海再买国内段”。国际转国内需要提取行李、重新值机、再过安检，衔接时间必须留足；持联程票时按航司指引走国际中转通道，不要自己出关再进关。
航司、航点与班期会随航季、航权批复和市场需求调整，本文只作承运人类型的说明，具体航班时刻、机型、行李额与退改规则请以航司官网和出票信息为准。
以上为一般性说明，具体要求与最新规定以官方发布为准。
English
Airlines Flying to China: Hubs, Routes and How to Choose
Flights to China are operated by a mix of Chinese and foreign carriers. Which one suits you depends on where you start, whether you connect, how much luggage you carry and whether you want Chinese-language service. Below are the main airlines, their hubs and the routes they typically fly to China, followed by the service differences and the one thing to watch on code-share tickets.
- Major Chinese carriers: Air China, China Eastern, China Southern and Hainan Airlines form the core of the Chinese side. Air China has the broadest long-haul network, China Southern has one of the largest fleets, China Eastern works out of Shanghai towards Europe, the Americas and Australia, and Hainan Airlines is based in Haikou and Beijing. Xiamen Air, Sichuan Airlines, Shenzhen Airlines, Juneyao Air and Spring Airlines focus on regional hubs and neighbouring markets, with Spring operating a low-cost model.
- Major foreign carriers: from Europe, Lufthansa, Air France, KLM, British Airways, Finnair and Turkish Airlines; from the Middle East, Emirates, Qatar Airways and Etihad; from Asia, Singapore Airlines, ANA, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, Asiana and Thai Airways; from North America, United, Delta, American and Air Canada; from Oceania, Qantas and Air New Zealand. These airlines generally fly from their home gateway airports direct to major Chinese cities.
- Their hubs: Air China uses Beijing Capital and Daxing, China Eastern uses Shanghai Pudong and Hongqiao, China Southern runs a dual hub at Guangzhou Baiyun and Beijing Daxing, and Hainan Airlines is based in Haikou and Beijing. Xiamen Air is based in Xiamen and Fuzhou, Sichuan Airlines in Chengdu Tianfu and Shuangliu, Shenzhen Airlines at Shenzhen Bao'an. Foreign carriers hub at their national gateways such as Frankfurt, Paris CDG, Amsterdam, London Heathrow, Helsinki, Istanbul, Dubai, Doha, Singapore Changi, Tokyo Narita and Haneda, Seoul Incheon, San Francisco, Vancouver and Sydney.
- Typical routes: long-haul services concentrate on the three gateways of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, plus regional hubs including Chengdu, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Kunming, Xi'an and Hangzhou. Europe is usually reached via Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Paris, London, Helsinki and Istanbul; North America via San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, Vancouver and Toronto; Southeast and Northeast Asia commonly connect through Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Tokyo, Seoul and Hong Kong. Specific destinations and frequencies change with the aviation season, so check the airline's own site before booking.
- Service differences: full-service carriers include checked baggage and meals in the fare, while low-cost carriers charge separately for bags, seat selection and food. Chinese carriers handle Chinese-language service and domestic connections more smoothly, while foreign carriers are more attuned to passengers starting their journey at home. On the same route, free baggage allowances, change and refund rules and cabin types vary widely, so on long intercontinental sectors check whether the aircraft is wide-body.
- Code-share caution: when a booking page says a flight is "operated by" another airline, that other carrier actually flies it. Check-in desks, through-checked baggage, catering standards and change rules all follow the operating carrier, and mileage accrual follows the two airlines' agreement. If your two sectors are issued as separate tickets, bags usually cannot be checked through and a missed connection is your own risk.
A practical order for choosing an airline: first check whether a direct flight exists, then whether the connection sits on a single ticket or within one alliance, and finally compare baggage allowances and change conditions. The cheapest combination often means a longer layover or stricter refund rules, so price the time cost in before deciding.
One common misunderstanding is reading "connect via Shanghai" as "buy the domestic leg after landing". International-to-domestic connections require collecting bags, checking in again and clearing security a second time, so leave enough connecting time. On a through ticket, follow the airline's international transit route instead of exiting and re-entering.
Airlines, destinations and frequencies shift with the aviation season, route rights and demand. This article describes the types of carrier only; for schedules, aircraft type, baggage allowances and change rules, rely on the airline's website and your ticket.
The above is general guidance only. For specific requirements and the latest rules, please refer to official announcements.
来源参考
References
