涵涵君的小站中文
外国人到中国工作，一般要先由境内用人单位申请《外国人工作许可通知》，再凭通知向中国驻外使领馆申请 Z 字签证，入境后还需办理工作类居留证件。
- 第一步是《外国人工作许可通知》：申请 Z 字签证须提交人力资源社会保障（外国专家工作归口管理）部门签发的《中华人民共和国外国人工作许可通知》；该通知由境内用人单位在“外国人来华工作管理服务系统”在线申请，审批通过后在线生成。
- 学历与工作经验要求：外国专业人才（B 类）应具有学士及以上学位和 2 年及以上相关工作经历，年龄不超过 60 周岁；外国高端人才（A 类）可不受年龄、学历和工作经历限制。具体判定见《外国人来华工作分类标准（试行）》。
- 无犯罪记录证明：应当由申请人国籍国或经常居住地警察、安全、法院等部门出具，并经我驻外使领馆或外国驻华使领馆认证；签发时间应在 6 个月内。不接收仅为本人声明无犯罪的宣誓性无犯罪记录；外国高端人才（A 类）该项可采用承诺制。
- 入境后办居留许可：持 Z 字签证入境后，应当自入境之日起 30 日内向拟居留地公安机关出入境管理机构申请工作类居留证件，提交工作许可证明和单位证明函件；对高层次人才、急需紧缺专门人才和投资者可签发不超过 5 年，对在信誉良好的备案单位工作的人员不超过 2 年，其他人员不超过 1 年。
- 家属随行：随行家属包括配偶、未满 18 周岁子女、父母及配偶父母，可相应申请 S1（超过 180 日）或 S2（不超过 180 日）字签证；工作许可申请材料中需一并提交家属护照信息页、亲属关系证明，以及 18 周岁以上家属的体检报告。
- 常见卡点：最高学位（学历）证书未做认证、无犯罪记录证明超过 6 个月有效期、体检证明非指定机构或项目不全、申请岗位与专业背景不符、非中文证明材料未附中文翻译件。
整体流程可以概括为三步：境内用人单位在系统注册并提交申请 → 受理机构预审（一般 5 个工作日内）→ 审查并生成《外国人工作许可通知》；随后申请人凭通知等材料到中国驻外使领馆申请 Z 字签证；入境后由用人单位申领《外国人工作许可证》，并到公安机关出入境管理机构办理工作类居留证件。
时限方面：来华工作 90 日以上的，决定机构在 20 个工作日内作出决定，特殊情况可延长 10 个工作日；来华工作 90 日以下（含 90 日）的，自受理之日起 5 个工作日内作出决定。办理《外国人工作许可通知》不收取费用；居留证件按有效期收费，一年以内 400 元，一年（含）至三年以内 800 元，三年（含）至五年（含）1000 元。
材料方面：非中文证明材料均需提供中文翻译件并加盖用人单位公章（护照或国际旅行证件除外）；最高学位证书在国外获得的应经认证；体检证明须由中国检验检疫机构出具或经其认可的境外机构出具，签发时间在 6 个月内。工作许可不能代替签证，也需另行办理居留手续。
以上为一般性说明，具体要求与最新规定以官方发布为准。
English
China Work Visa (Z Visa): Process and Requirements
To work in China, a foreign national generally needs a Foreigner's Work Permit Notification obtained by the Chinese employer first, then a Z visa from a Chinese embassy or consulate, and finally a work-type residence permit after entry.
- Step one is the Foreigner's Work Permit Notification: a Z visa application must include the Notification of Foreigner's Work Permit issued by the human resources and social security authority (which also handles foreign experts' work). The Chinese employer applies for it online through the Foreigner's Work Permit Service System, and the notification is generated online once approved.
- Education and work experience: foreign professional talent (Category B) should hold a bachelor's degree or above and at least two years of relevant work experience, and be no older than 60; foreign high-end talent (Category A) may be exempt from the age, education and work experience requirements. See the Classification Standards for Foreigners Working in China (Trial) for details.
- Criminal record certificate: it must be issued by the police, security, court or other competent authority of the applicant's country of nationality or country of habitual residence, and authenticated by a Chinese embassy or consulate abroad or a foreign embassy or consulate in China. It should be issued within the past six months. A mere sworn statement of no criminal record is not accepted; Category A high-end talent may use a commitment undertaking instead.
- Residence permit after entry: after entering on a Z visa, you must apply to the exit-entry administration of the public security authority at your intended place of residence within 30 days of entry, submitting the work permit certificate and a letter from your employer. Residence permits of up to five years may be issued to high-level talent, urgently needed specialists and investors; up to two years for staff of reputable registered employers; and up to one year for others.
- Accompanying family: dependants include the spouse, children under 18, parents and parents-in-law, who may apply for an S1 visa (over 180 days) or S2 visa (up to 180 days). The work permit application should also include copies of dependants' passport information pages, proof of kinship, and medical examination reports for dependants aged 18 or over.
- Common pitfalls: an unauthenticated highest degree certificate; a criminal record certificate older than six months; a medical certificate from a non-designated institution or with missing items; a job that does not match your academic background; and non-Chinese documents submitted without a Chinese translation.
The overall process has three steps: the Chinese employer registers in the system and submits the application; the receiving authority pre-reviews it (generally within five working days) and issues the Foreigner's Work Permit Notification; the applicant then applies for a Z visa at a Chinese embassy or consulate with the notification and other documents; and after entry the employer obtains the Foreigner's Work Permit and the applicant applies for a work-type residence permit at the exit-entry administration.
On timing: for work in China of more than 90 days, the deciding authority makes a decision within 20 working days, extendable by 10 working days in special cases; for work of 90 days or less, within five working days of acceptance. There is no fee for the Work Permit Notification. Residence permits are charged by validity period: RMB 400 for up to one year, RMB 800 for one to three years, and RMB 1,000 for three to five years.
On documents: all non-Chinese supporting documents require a Chinese translation stamped with the employer's official seal (passports and international travel documents excepted); a highest degree obtained abroad must be authenticated; and the medical certificate must be issued by a Chinese inspection and quarantine institution or a foreign institution recognised by it, within the past six months. A work permit is not a substitute for a visa, and residence formalities must still be completed separately.
The above is general guidance only. For specific requirements and the latest rules, please refer to official announcements.
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