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HSK（汉语水平考试）是面向汉语非第一语言者的国际标准化考试，也是外国人申请来华留学和各类奖学金常用的中文水平证明。本文按“是什么—怎么办—要什么材料—常见问题”说明等级划分、考试形式、报名与考点、成绩有效期以及与入学要求的关系。
- 是什么：HSK 重点考查汉语非第一语言的考生在生活、学习和工作中运用汉语进行交际的能力，由汉考国际（中文考试服务网 www.chinesetest.cn）组织实施。HSK 成绩可用于院校招生、分班授课、课程免修、学分授予，用人机构录用、培训、晋升，以及汉语学习者自我评估。
- 等级划分与词汇量：现行 HSK 分六个等级，词汇量依次为 HSK（一级）150、HSK（二级）300、HSK（三级）600、HSK（四级）1200、HSK（五级）2500、HSK（六级）5000及以上。各等级分别对应《国际汉语能力标准》一级至五级和《欧洲语言共同参考框架（CEFR）》A1 至 C2。
- 各等级能力描述：通过一级能理解并使用一些非常简单的汉语词语和句子；二级能用汉语就生活中一些常见话题进行简单而直接的交流；三级能用汉语完成生活、学习、工作等方面的基本交际任务；四级能用汉语就比较复杂的话题进行交流，表达较为规范、得体；五级能用汉语就比较抽象或专业的话题进行讨论、评价和发表看法；六级能用汉语自如地进行各种社会交际活动。
- 考试形式：HSK 提供纸笔考和机网考两种形式，具体以报名考点提供的考试形式为准。HSK（三级）至 HSK（六级）需要与对应级别的口语考试同时报名。以官方公布的 HSK3.0 试行考试安排为例，各科目开考时间与时长约为：一级约40分钟；二级约60分钟；三级笔试约83分钟、口语约15分钟；四级笔试约85分钟、口语约20分钟；五级笔试约110分钟、口语约23分钟；六级笔试约125分钟、口语约23分钟。
- 报名时间与考点：考生登录中文考试服务网（www.chinesetest.cn）查询所在国家的考点信息，进行在线报名。2026年 HSK（一至六级）考试日期为1月24日、3月22日、4月11日、5月16日、6月28日、7月18日、8月23日、9月13日、10月17日、11月7日和12月13日，均为纸笔考加机网考；HSK（七至九级）为5月9日和11月22日，仅机网考。各场次报名截止日期不同，例如12月13日场次纸笔考报名截止11月16日、机网考截止12月3日。
- 新版 HSK 开考安排：3.0版 HSK 将于2026年12月13日面向全球正式开考。纸笔考报名截止2026年11月16日24:00，机网考报名截止2026年12月3日24:00（均为北京时间），报名方式同样是登录中文考试服务网查询考点并在线报名。
- 成绩公布与成绩有效期：成绩公布时间为机网考结束后15天、纸笔考结束后30天，遇法定节假日顺延一周，考生可登录中文考试服务网查询成绩。成绩报告有效期为两年，自考试之日起算；额外成绩报告服务的申请有效期同样为考试结束后两年以内。
- 与入学要求的关系：HSK 成绩是外国人申请来华留学和各类奖学金的中文水平证明，也是申请来华工作的中文水平证明之一。各高校、各专业的要求不同，需要逐校核对。以中国人民大学2026年国际学生本科生（中文授课）招生简章为例：申请汉语言本科专业须达到 HSK 四级180分（含）以上，申请其他人文社科类专业须达到 HSK 六级180分（含）以上，申请理工类专业须达到 HSK 五级210分（含）以上；该校要求 HSK 成绩报告原件由汉考国际直接寄送，不接受申请人个人提交。
- 备考建议：官方说明 HSK 遵循“考教结合”原则，考试设计与国际汉语教学现状和使用教材紧密结合。备考时一般以目标等级对应的《HSK考试大纲》词汇、语言点和题型为主线，按考试日期倒排复习计划，配合官方样题与模拟练习检验水平；如需系统学习，可查询考点或正规培训机构的课程安排。
需要特别注意的是，HSK 正在从现行的六个等级向 3.0 版过渡。官方已明确 3.0 版 HSK 将于2026年12月13日面向全球正式开考，并在此前组织过全球试行考试。报考时请以中文考试服务网当次发布的报名通知为准，确认所报考点提供的是纸笔考还是机网考、以及是否包含口语科目。
另外，HSK 成绩只是语言能力证明，不等于录取。各高校还会综合审核学历、成绩、个人陈述、推荐信等材料，部分专业还要求参加由中国教育部国家留学基金委组织的来华留学本科入学学业水平测试（CSCA 测试）。建议先确定目标院校和专业，再按该校国际学生招生简章的要求准备语言成绩和其他材料。
以上为一般性说明，具体要求与最新规定以官方发布为准。
English
The HSK Test: Levels, Registration and Preparation
The HSK (Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi) is an international standardised test for people whose first language is not Chinese, and is widely used as proof of Chinese proficiency for studying in China and for scholarships. This guide covers the levels, test formats, registration and test centres, score validity, and how the HSK relates to university admission requirements.
- What it is: The HSK assesses how well candidates whose first language is not Chinese can use Chinese to communicate in daily life, study and work. It is organised by Chinese Testing International through the Chinese Testing Service website (www.chinesetest.cn). HSK scores can be used for university admission, class placement, course exemption and credit awards, for recruitment, training and promotion by employers, and by learners to assess their own progress.
- Levels and vocabulary: The current HSK has six levels, with vocabulary requirements of 150 words for HSK Level 1, 300 for Level 2, 600 for Level 3, 1,200 for Level 4, 2,500 for Level 5 and 5,000 or more for Level 6. The levels correspond to Levels 1 to 5 of the Chinese Language Proficiency Scales for Speakers of Other Languages and to A1 to C2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).
- What each level means: Passing Level 1 means you can understand and use some very simple Chinese words and sentences. Level 2 means you can hold simple, direct exchanges on common everyday topics. Level 3 means you can complete basic communication tasks in daily life, study and work. Level 4 means you can discuss relatively complex topics and express yourself in a fairly standard and appropriate way. Level 5 means you can discuss, evaluate and express views on fairly abstract or professional topics. Level 6 means you can take part freely in all kinds of social communication, at a level approaching that of a native speaker.
- Test formats: The HSK is offered in both paper-based and computer-based formats, depending on what the test centre you register with provides. HSK Levels 3 to 6 must be registered together with the speaking test at the corresponding level. Based on the officially published HSK 3.0 trial schedule, the approximate start times and durations are: Level 1 about 40 minutes; Level 2 about 60 minutes; Level 3 written test about 83 minutes plus speaking about 15 minutes; Level 4 written test about 85 minutes plus speaking about 20 minutes; Level 5 written test about 110 minutes plus speaking about 23 minutes; and Level 6 written test about 125 minutes plus speaking about 23 minutes.
- Registration and test centres: Candidates log in to the Chinese Testing Service website (www.chinesetest.cn), look up test centres in their country and register online. The 2026 test dates for HSK Levels 1 to 6 are 24 January, 22 March, 11 April, 16 May, 28 June, 18 July, 23 August, 13 September, 17 October, 7 November and 13 December, all offered in both paper-based and computer-based formats. HSK Levels 7 to 9 are tested on 9 May and 22 November in computer-based format only. Registration deadlines differ by session; for the 13 December session, for example, paper-based registration closes on 16 November and computer-based registration on 3 December.
- New HSK launch: HSK 3.0 will be officially launched worldwide on 13 December 2026. Paper-based registration closes at 24:00 on 16 November 2026 and computer-based registration at 24:00 on 3 December 2026 (both Beijing time). Registration is again through the Chinese Testing Service website, where you look up a test centre and register online.
- Results and score validity: Results are published 15 days after a computer-based test and 30 days after a paper-based test, postponed by one week where statutory holidays fall in between; candidates can check their scores on the Chinese Testing Service website. Score reports are valid for two years from the test date, and the deadline for applying for additional score reports is likewise within two years of the test.
- Relationship to admission requirements: HSK scores are proof of Chinese proficiency for foreign nationals applying to study in China and for scholarships, and are one form of proof of Chinese proficiency for applying to work in China. Requirements differ between universities and programmes and must be checked school by school. Taking Renmin University of China's 2026 undergraduate admissions brochure for international students (Chinese-taught programmes) as an example: applicants for the Chinese language major need HSK Level 4 with at least 180 points; applicants for other humanities and social science majors need HSK Level 6 with at least 180 points; and applicants for science and engineering majors need HSK Level 5 with at least 210 points. That university requires the original HSK score report to be sent directly by Chinese Testing International and does not accept submissions from applicants themselves.
- How to prepare: The official syllabus states that the HSK follows a "linking testing with teaching" principle, with test design closely tied to the current state of international Chinese teaching and to the textbooks in use. In practice, preparation usually follows the vocabulary, language points and question types in the official HSK syllabus for your target level, working back from the test date to build a study plan, and using official sample papers and mock tests to gauge your level. For structured study, check the course arrangements of test centres or reputable training institutions.
Note in particular that the HSK is transitioning from the current six levels to version 3.0. The authorities have confirmed that HSK 3.0 will be officially launched worldwide on 13 December 2026, following earlier global trial tests. When registering, follow the registration notice published on the Chinese Testing Service website for that session, and confirm whether your test centre offers the paper-based or computer-based format and whether a speaking component is included.
Also note that an HSK score is only proof of language ability — it does not guarantee admission. Universities also review academic qualifications, transcripts, personal statements and recommendation letters, and some programmes additionally require the China Scholastic Competency Assessment (CSCA), organised by the China Scholarship Council under the Ministry of Education. It is best to choose your target university and programme first, then prepare the language score and other documents according to that university's international student admissions brochure.
The above is general guidance only. For specific requirements and the latest rules, please refer to official announcements.
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